NEED FOR COUNSELLING

In most communities, there has been, and there still is, a deeply embedded conviction that, under proper conditions, people can help others with their problems. Some people help others find ways of dealing with, solving, or transcending problems. Unprecedented economic and social changes have, over the years, changed the ways in which we manage our lives. Consequently, not all the lessons of the past can effectively deal with the challenges of modern times.

The need for counseling has become paramount in order to promote the well-being of the child. Effective counseling should help to improve the self-image of young people and facilitate achievement in life tasks. Counseling should empower girls and boys to participate fully in, and benefit from, the economic and social development of the nation. Counseling, in different forms and with different interpretations, has existed in societies for a long time. Counseling has now become institutionalized.

Counseling is a learning-oriented process, which occurs usually in an interactive relationship, with the aim of helping a person learn more about the self, and to use such understanding to enable the person to become an effective member of society. Counseling is a process by means of which the helper expresses care and concern towards the person with a problem, and facilitates that person's personal growth and brings about change through self-knowledge

Counseling is a relationship between a concerned person and a person with a need. This relationship is usually person-to-person, although sometimes it may involve more than two people. It is designed to help people to understand and clarify their views, and learn how to reach their self-determined goals through meaningful, well-informed choices, and through the resolution of emotional or interpersonal problems

People in all societies, and at all times, have experienced emotional or psychological distress and behavioral problems. In each culture, there have been well established ways and methods of helping individuals with their problems.

IMPORTANCE OF COUNSELING TO STUDENTS

Counseling among students is vital due to various challenge of transitions exist when their at school in which home school transitions, developmental transitions and conflicting society values faces students. The discussed below are the importance of counseling services among students.

Counseling in School context help to make learning a positive experience for every student. They are sensitive to individual differences. They know that a classroom environment that is good for one child is not necessarily good for another .

Counseling facilitates communication for students to adapt the school's environment in the best interests of each individual student, it helps students to make the most of their school experiences and prepare them for the future.

Counseling, helps in preventing students from being involved with many difficulties, such as participating in gangs, dropping out of school, becoming a teenage parent, using drugs, and participating in or becoming victims of acts of violence .

Assist students in making appropriate and satisfying personal, vocational and educational choices also it assist student acquire a positive image of self through self-understanding the needs and problems of each person.

Counseling helps students develop proper attitude towards themselves, others, school, values, interests, morals, beliefs and discipline by helping students to develop, optimize and utilize their skills and correct the sources of their weaknesses and to improve the standard of education .

Helps youth to promote in pupils sense of awareness, ability to acquire a good knowledge of the world of work, possibility of continuing education and ability to make realistic decisions as well as social problems such as difficulties in associating with others both at school and outside the school environment.

Counseling helps students to make informed decisions on problems of choosing subjects and combinations, poor skills in taking notes, poor time management that may affect negatively vocational problems such as problems of career choice, problems of matching the subjects of study with future career, problems of planning a career and problem of maintain a job view .

IMPORTANCE OF COUNSELING TO ADOLESCENTS

It is very important to have a counseling therapy for adolescents as it can help them with a wide range of personal emotional relationship. Adolescents covers early mid and late adolescent with their age ranging from 12 -19 years old.

Types of problems which needs counseling session among adolescents are like happiness, stress, worry, anxiety, panic, depression, angel treasure or post - traumatic stress ( PTSD), social anxiety, excessive shyness, sexuality management, relationships difficulties and stresses .

Importance of applying counseling service to adolescents are as follows:

Boys and girls face many difficulties and problems which may be expressed in the following ways: withdrawal, unhappiness, annoyance, anger, and inability to meet needs, lack of knowledge, partial or total failure, inability to realize aspirations, anxiety and hyperactivity. Added to these is the problem of HIV/AIDS for which a great deal of psychological support may be required for boys and girls, particularly those already infected .

Counseling help in facilitating behaviour change, enhancing coping skills, promoting decision-making, improving relationships. It is a personalized and individualized process for helping the individual to learn and acquire habits, skills, attitudes and interests which make him a normally adjusted being. Therefore, it is evident that the process of counseling helps the adolescent move towards a greater level of self understanding and self acceptance.

Helps in improving confidence, through counseling sessions over time youth develops the capacity self acceptance and communication skills which may enable individual to act competently and confidently in different settings .

It enables adolescents to diagnose the causes of their problems hence to take proper action towards resolution of the existing problem they encountered with, hence may help prevention of related to problems in future.

Counseling helps to develops competences and ways of overcoming worries managing stress, and pressure dealing with relationship issues and risk behaviors.

Counseling helps youth to act promptly over the biological and social transitions that they face during this transitional period.

With the help from a counselor, adolescent’s clients to build a more solid foundation from which to launch their self into their future life by being able to make necessary corrections upon the challenges encountered with or by projection of challenges that may arise in future .

Through counseling adolescent do acquire various skills especially that of decision making skills, relationship skills and stress management skills by accepting the problem being their own rather than use of defensive mechanism.

It helps adolescents in being able to recognize and acknowledge their strengths and weakness hereto helps youth to deal with different problems competently with confidence whereby their efficacy can be attributed positively for this case youth can manage stress and relationship with others more effectively.

IMPORTANCE OF COUNSELING TO FAMILY

There are number of advantages sought on counseling services to family as prescribed below

Family therapy as a psychotherapeutic modality has the following goals exploring the interactional dynamics of the family and its relationship to psychopathology, mobilizing the family’s internal strength and functional resources, restructuring the maladaptive interactional family styles and strengthening the family’s problem-solving behavior

Help in the recognition and resolving covert and overt family problems that may cause dysfunctions in one or more family members hence leading to family disintegration.

Counseling help families resolve mental and emotional disorders within the context of the marriage and family. It resolves problems to rebuild love and trust in the relationships. It is meant to increase overall well-being of the family.

Restore family balance, one of the main goals of the family and marriage counselor is to determine and resolve any problems that are causing the family and/or marriage to be off balance. Therapy aims to uncover the central issues of the individuals who are creating the disturbances and teach family members different ways to handle conflicts so they can handle problems more effectively in the future.

Build communication, counseling to help families learn to communicate; proper communication skills are vital to the success of any marriage and family. Relationship counseling can offer a safe place for couples and families to articulate their needs and fears and effectively resolve anger and conflict

Establish a sense of commitment; the counseling process help rebuild any lost sense of commitment. Counselors attempt to foster a strong sense of dedication throughout the marriage and family. By tackling issues in therapy, family members may start to understand others' faults and learn how to interact more effectively within the family unit.

IMPORTANCE OF COUNSELING TO DRUG ABUSERS

Drug abuse counseling addresses the symptoms of drug addiction and related areas of impaired functioning and the content and structure of the client's ongoing recovery program.

Drug abuse is an unhealthy dependence on a medication or drug that usually begins with the voluntary taking of drugs. It is characterized by an intense psychological and physical dependency that develops when persistent use of drugs triggers changes in the brain. These changes challenge a person's self-control and gradually limit their ability to resist intense cravings to take the drugs.

Drug abuse leads to drugs addiction. Drug addiction results to brain damage whereby affect multiple brain circuits, including those involved in reward and motivation, learning and memory, and inhibitory control over behavior .

Drug abuse is indicated by recurring, negative consequences, such as failure to meet social, work, and academic obligations, physical injury or illness, legal problems, relationship problems (with intimate partners, friends, and family),impulsivity, over expenditure, diminished interest in work and memory loss or blackouts.

It is very important to provide counseling services to drug abusers due to the fact that counseling helps the drug abuser in diversity of ways as discussed below;

The primary goal of addiction counseling is to help the client achieve and maintain abstinence from addictive chemicals and behaviors. The secondary goal is to help the client recover from the damage the addiction has done to the client's life.

Drug abuse counseling works by first helping the client recognize the existence of a problem and the associated irrational thinking.

Encouraging an individual to achieve and maintain abstinence and then develop the necessary psychosocial skills and spiritual development to continue in recovery lifelong by taking responsibility for working a program of recovery. However, although recovery is ultimately the client's task, he or she is encouraged to get a great deal of support from others such as the counselors .

Engage in the treatment process willingly, drug addiction needs medication processes hence through counseling the abuser can be influence to attend the rehabilitation centers for medical and paramedical treatment willingly towards the effectiveness of medications and help people stay in treatment longer.

Counseling helps drug abusers to modify their attitudes and behaviors related to drug abuse and increase healthy life style by taking necessary decisions towards abandoning taking drugs.

Counseling enables individual to acquire Personal skills and Social skills in which these skills enables a person to have full control of oneself, gaining self awareness and self esteem, value clarification ,relationship management as far as decision making skills.

Counseling enable the drug abuser to acquire self-driven behavior change to stop drug use by being able to face life challenges in realistic arena by understanding consequences of staying drug free and learn how to resolve their emotional and personal problems without abusing drugs.

Counseling help drug abuser to recognize and avoid situations and environment that lead them in drug addictions and being able to avoid the situations in which they are most likely triggers to drugs abuse.

COUNSELING FOR OLD PEOPLE

Retirement, the retirement age normally vary considerably, depending on the respective profession and the age difference in such situation a person should be counseled to prepare to make significant changes in duties while waiting for retirement by helping in renegotiating relationship to reach a new balance that satisfies the new aims, new division of duties, new routine, new mutual relationships with friends and relatives and new financial situation .

Nutrition, balanced nutrition is important for the health of elderly people as it seems to be related to health and the aging process. Nutrition plays an important role in preventing illnesses such as heart disease and diabetes. For example for good body healthy old people are advised to take regular conception of fresh fruits and vegetables which reduces the risk of cerebral stroke .

The loss of a spouse, the loss of the one who shared decades of joys is one of the most traumatic events such as sadness and pain may be faced by an old person. So despite all this a victim should be well prepared her/him self to face such difficult situation.

Depression and anxiety, when an old person not succeed on goals he or she has planned for at this old age it is too late to accomplish them because of resources and energy draws back, it leads to anxiety and depression occurs. The entire plan he or she has planned for will lead him to think for and sometimes can hate his or her age by desiring to go back to the youth stage .

Physical and health changes, the changes begin between the age of 40 and50 and being marked by the onset of important physical changes and it usually begins gradually as one is not aware of any significant loss, such as hearing loss. Therefore counseling is very necessary for old people so that they can be aware of being avoiding exposing oneself to very loud sounds.

NEED FOR COUNSELLING

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